What are the file management in Linux Commands?

ls -la — List all files with details; cd /path/to/dir — Change directory; pwd — Print working directory; mkdir -p dir/sub — Create directory (including parents); cp -r src dest — Copy file/directory recursively; mv old new — Move or rename file; rm -rf dir — Remove directory recursively (careful!); touch file.txt — Create empty file or update timestamp; ln -s target link — Create symbolic link; find . -name "*.js" — Find files by name pattern

What are the permissions & ownership in Linux Commands?

chmod 755 file — Set permissions (rwxr-xr-x); chmod +x script.sh — Make file executable; chown user:group file — Change owner and group; chown -R user dir/ — Change owner recursively; umask 022 — Set default permission mask; sudo command — Run as superuser; su - username — Switch user

What are the text processing in Linux Commands?

cat file.txt — Display file contents; head -20 file / tail -20 file — First / last 20 lines; tail -f log.txt — Follow file in real-time; grep -rn "pattern" dir/ — Search recursively with line numbers; sed "s/old/new/g" file — Find and replace in file; awk '{print $1}' file — Print first column; sort file | uniq — Sort and deduplicate; wc -l file — Count lines in file; cut -d"," -f1 file.csv — Extract first column (CSV); diff file1 file2 — Compare two files

Linux Commands Cheat Sheet

Quick reference for essential Linux terminal commands. File management, permissions, processes, networking, text processing, and system info — all in one page.

File Management Permissions & Ownership Text Processing Process Management Networking Disk & System Archives & Compression Pipes & Redirection

File Management

ls -la	List all files with details
cd /path/to/dir	Change directory
pwd	Print working directory
mkdir -p dir/sub	Create directory (including parents)
cp -r src dest	Copy file/directory recursively
mv old new	Move or rename file
rm -rf dir	Remove directory recursively (careful!)
touch file.txt	Create empty file or update timestamp
ln -s target link	Create symbolic link
find . -name "*.js"	Find files by name pattern

Permissions & Ownership

chmod 755 file	Set permissions (rwxr-xr-x)
chmod +x script.sh	Make file executable
chown user:group file	Change owner and group
chown -R user dir/	Change owner recursively
umask 022	Set default permission mask
sudo command	Run as superuser
su - username	Switch user

Text Processing

cat file.txt	Display file contents
head -20 file / tail -20 file	First / last 20 lines
tail -f log.txt	Follow file in real-time
grep -rn "pattern" dir/	Search recursively with line numbers
sed "s/old/new/g" file	Find and replace in file
awk '{print $1}' file	Print first column
sort file \| uniq	Sort and deduplicate
wc -l file	Count lines in file
cut -d"," -f1 file.csv	Extract first column (CSV)
diff file1 file2	Compare two files

Process Management

ps aux	List all running processes
top / htop	Interactive process viewer
kill PID / kill -9 PID	Terminate / force-kill process
killall name	Kill all processes by name
bg / fg	Background / foreground job
nohup cmd &	Run in background, survives logout
jobs	List background jobs
Ctrl+C / Ctrl+Z	Interrupt / suspend process

Networking

curl -X GET url	HTTP request
wget url	Download file
ssh user@host	SSH into remote server
scp file user@host:/path	Copy file to remote server
netstat -tlnp / ss -tlnp	List listening ports
ping host	Test connectivity
dig domain / nslookup domain	DNS lookup
ifconfig / ip addr	Show network interfaces

Disk & System

df -h	Disk space usage (human-readable)
du -sh dir/	Directory size
free -h	Memory usage
uname -a	System information
uptime	System uptime and load
whoami	Current username
env / printenv	Show environment variables
export VAR=value	Set environment variable
crontab -e	Edit cron jobs
systemctl status service	Check service status (systemd)

Archives & Compression

tar -czf archive.tar.gz dir/	Create gzipped archive
tar -xzf archive.tar.gz	Extract gzipped archive
tar -xjf archive.tar.bz2	Extract bzip2 archive
zip -r archive.zip dir/	Create zip archive
unzip archive.zip	Extract zip archive
gzip file / gunzip file.gz	Compress / decompress with gzip

Pipes & Redirection

cmd1 \| cmd2	Pipe output of cmd1 to cmd2
cmd > file	Redirect stdout to file (overwrite)
cmd >> file	Redirect stdout to file (append)
cmd 2>&1	Redirect stderr to stdout
cmd > /dev/null 2>&1	Suppress all output
cmd < file	Read input from file
cmd1 && cmd2	Run cmd2 only if cmd1 succeeds
cmd1 \|\| cmd2	Run cmd2 only if cmd1 fails

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